High Frequency 32/33 Prescalers Using 2/3 Prescaler Technique
نویسنده
چکیده
Frequency synthesizer is one of the important element for wireless communication application. The speed of VCO and prescaler determines how fast the frequency synthesizer is. A dual modulus prescaler contains logic gates and flip-flops. To fulfill the need of high frequency and low voltage circuit suitable flipflops must be selected. Four different classes of flip-flops like master-slave, pulse-triggered, differential and dual-edge triggered (DET) are analyzed. Higher clock load in pulse-triggered FF and switching on both side of clock cycle in DET made them unusable in practical design for prescaler circuits. Due to this reason dual-edge triggered and pulse-triggered flip-flops are not taken for the comparison. Divide-by-2/3 prescaler is implemented by TSPC, ETSPC master-slave and differential type of flip-flops. Different 32/33 prescalers are implemented by choosing various combinations of 2/3 prescaler and flip-flops. Prescalers using different FFs are compared in terms of operating frequency, power, delay and power-delay-product. The operations of prescalers are ensured in cadence virtuoso simulator under 180nm technology.
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